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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Scientists and philosophers of science tend to speak as if “scientific language” were intrinsically precise, as if those who use it must understand one another’s meaning, 1 they disagree. But, 2, scientific language is not as different from3language as is commonly believed; it, too, is 4 to imprecision and ambiguity and hence to 5 understanding. Moreover, new theories (or arguments) are rarely,6, constructed by way of clear-cut steps of induction, deduction, and 7 (or falsification). Neither are they defended, rejected, or accepted in 8 straight forward a manner. 9, scientists combine the rules of scientific 10 with a generous mixture of intuition, aesthetics, and philosophical 11. The importance of what are sometimes called extralogical components of thought in the discovery of a new principle or laws is generally 12. We 13 recall Einstein’s description: “To these elementary laws there leads no logical path, 14 intuition, supported by being sympathetically in 15 with experience.” But the role of these extralogical components in persuasion and acceptance (in making an argument 16) is less frequently discussed, partly because they are less 17. The ways in which the credibility or effectiveness of a 18 depends on a realm of common experiences, on extensive practice in communicating those experiences in a common language, are hard to see precisely because such19are taken for granted. Only when we step out of such a “consensual domain”—when we can stand out on the periphery of a 20 with a common language.
1［A］ even if［B］ unless［C］ though［D］ if
2［A］ in question［B］ in relief［C］ in fact［D］ in prospect
3［A］ standard［B］ popular［C］ vulgar［D］ ordinary
4［A］ susceptible［B］ subject［C］ immune［D］ related
5［A］ imperfect［B］ perfect［C］ impersonal［D］ personal
6［A］ if so［B］ if not all［C］ if ever［D］ if any
7［A］ verge［B］ verification［C］ justice［D］ certainty
8［A］ so［B］ such［C］ too［D］ very
9［A］ In brief［B］ In advance［C］ In practice［D］ In company
10［A］ psychology［B］ methodology［C］ archaeology［D］ theology
11［A］ community［B］ communication［C］ committee［D］ commitment
12［A］ acknowledged［B］ confessed［C］ abandoned［D］ refined
13［A］ may［B］ ought to［C］ were to［D］ would
14［A］ but rather［B］ no more than［C］ but only［D］ less more than
15［A］ pursuit［B］ touch［C］ proportion［D］ terms
16［A］ convincing［B］ wordy［C］ ensured［D］ unreasonable
17［A］ visual［B］ informed［C］ imaginative［D］ visible
18［A］ statement［B］ argument［C］ assertion［D］ style
19［A］ commodities［B］ commons［C］ commonalities［D］ commonwealth
20［A］ community［B］ person［C］ country［D］ nation
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
The Food and Drug Administration said Wednesday that it is trying to track down as many as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.
The focus of the FDA investigation is pigs raised by researchers at the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes: One is a cow gene that increases milk production in the sow. The other, a synthetic gene, makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.
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