Passage 7Now the construction of nuclear
power plants in the United States has almost stopped. Plans for a great deal of nuclear
equipment have been postponed or even canceled as a result of both the decreasing demand
for electricity and strong public criticism. People are becoming increasingly concerned
about the dangers that accompany nuclear power.
There are two major problems linked with atomic power plants, the
first of which concerns nuclear waste. Atomic reactors produce waste products that remain
radioactive and possibly cause the death in the future for thousands of years. So far, no
safe method has been found to get rid of these wastes. The second problem relates to the
danger of anatomic explosion. Many people doubt that an atomicpower plant can be operated
safely and shut downquickly in a danger situation. A electricity generating plant powered
by fossil fuels can stop in minutes; however, an atomic power plant is not easy to control
if something goes wrong. It can remain "hot", or radioactive, for days and even
months after an accident. In addition, the critics of nuclear energy are concerned with
the human factors at power plants. Despite a lot of training programs, plants operators
can still make mistakes. For these reasons, critics who are worried about public safty
believe that the risks linked with nuclear energy are too great to justify its use.
A possible solution to atomic energy problems may lie in nuclear
fusion. Fission reactors, which are presently in operation, produce energy by splitting
atoms; fusion reactors, on the other hand, create energy by combining atoms. The fusion
method appears to be safer since it does not produce radioactive waste.
Question:[ANSWER]
- In the United States, fewer nuclear plants are being constructed because of a ______ for
power.
- The danger caused by nuclear plants are drawing more and more people's ______.
- A nuclear power plants is difficult to bring under ______ if something goes wrong.
- The second major problem linked with atomic plants is that plant operators can make
______.
- The author thinks that the nuclear fusion method seems to be safer, because it does not
______.
Passage 8One of the most serious respiratory diseases is
influenza, for it is able to attack people of all ages throughout the world. Incidence
frequently is highest in young adults. It is an example of a disease that has increased in
virulence through out the years, although since 1942 it seems to have become milder again.
Influenza periodically has been epidemic in the United States from 1918 to the present
time. Several tragic world-wide pandemics have occurred. One of the most dreadful was the
1918-1919 outbreak, in which there were some 20 million cases of influenza and pneumonia
and approximately 850,000 deaths occurred.
Influenza is an acute disease of the respiratory tract that
affects the whole body. It is characterized by a sudden onset, with chills, fever around
120。 that may rise to 104。, headache, muscular pains,
prostration, sore throat, and cough. Like the common cold, it paves the way for secondary
infections caused by hemolytic strep to cocci and pneumonia. Most deaths are due to
complication from pneumonia. Recovery is usual in four or five days.
Question:[ANSWER]
- Influenza deserve attention as an important respiratory disease because it attacks
______.
- Why was the 1918-1919 outbreak one of the most dreadful? ______.
- High fevers usually accompany ______.
- Most deaths from influenza are involved in ______.
- What is the message mainly about? ______.
Passage 9In liquids the molecules move freely with respect to each
other but are held together by attractive forces. Not only do the molecules of a liquid
cling to each other, by they also cling to the molecules of other substances, as may be
seen when a piece of glass is dipped into a vessel of water. The molecules of water adhere
to the glass and form a thin film over its surface. The attraction of like molecules for
one another is called cohesion; the attraction of unlike molecules for one another is
called adhesion. It is cohesive forces which hold together so firmly the molecules of
iron, copper, and other solid substances.
If the molecules of a liquid have less attraction for each other
than for the molecules of the solid with which they are in contact, the liquid adheres to
the solid and wets it. Here adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive. When the
cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive, the solid is not wet by the liquid. Such is
the case when mercury is in contact with glass. If a drop of mercury and a drop of
distilled water are placed on a clean glass surface, the water spreads over the glass in a
thin layer, while the mercury forms a distorted ball.
Question:[ANSWER]
- The molecules in a liquid cling to each other by ______.
- What holds the molecules of solid substances so firmly? ______.
- ______ operates when mercury is placed on glass.
- The solid becomes wet when the molecules of a liquid have ______ for each other than for
those of a liquid.
- What is discussed in the passage? ______.
Passage 10There are a number of stars whose brightness continually
varies. Some of these variable stars show wholly irregular fluctuations, but the greater
number repeat a fairly definite cycle of change. A typical variable grows brighter for a
time, then fainter, then brighter once more, with irregular minor fluctuations during the
cycle. Periods separating times of maximum brightness for some variables is only slightly
greater than minimum brightness, but for others it's several hundred times as great. Since
the sun's radiation changes slightly during the sunspot cycle, we may consider it a
variable star with an extremely small range in brightness (a few per cent at moment) and a
long period (about 11 years).
The light changes in a few variable stars are simply explained;
the stars are actually double stars whose orbits we see edgewise, so that one component
periodically eclipses the other. But the fluctuations in most variables cannot be
accounted for so easily. In some the appearance of numberous spots at regular intervals
may dim their light; others might be pulsating, expanding and contracting so that their
surface areas change periodically.
Question:[ANSWER]
- Do most variable stars fluctuate regularlyor irregularly? ______
- Times for the cycle of different variable stars range from ______ to ______ .
- The sun's brightness varies ______ in view of the percentage.
- The star is eclipsed by its satellites is one explanation of the ______ .
- What is the passage mainly about ______ .
Passage 11Aristotle felt that when a body is in motion, it will
come to rest unless it has some force acting on it continuously. Of course, this meant
that the planets must have some force acting on them all the time to keep them from
stopping. Since no such force could be observed, scientists began to wonder about
Aristotle's theory.
Galileo (1565-1642) performed a number of experiments on the
motion of various bodies. The equations of kinematics are largely based on his work.
Galileo observed that when there was very little friction, a ball would roll for a great
plane. He formed the distance on a horizopinion that on a perfectly frictionless
horizontal plane a ball would roll forever without changing speed once set in motion.
Isaac Newton (1642-1727) accepted Galileo's ideas and incorporated
them into his first law of motion :"A body at rest remains at test and a body in
motion remains in motion with constant velocity along the same straight line unless acted
upon by an outside force."
Questions:[ANSWER]
- Aristotle believed that unless some force keep them going, objects will normally _______
.
- The equations of kinematic are based on _______ .
- According to Galileo, a ball rolling on a friction less plane would _______ at a
constant speed.
- What did Isaac Newton think of Galileo's ideas? _______ .
- This passage tells us about _______ .
Passage 12It is in situations where visual references such as the
ground and horizon are obscured that trouble develops, especially for pilots who lack
experience and proficiency in instrument flight. The vestibular sense in particular tends
to confuse the pilot. Because of inertia, the sensory areas of the inner ear cannot detect
slight changes in the attitude of the aircraft nor can they accuratelysense attitude
changes which occur at a uniform rate over a period of time. On the other hand false
sensations are often generated which lead the pilot to believe the attitude of the plane
has changed when in fact it has not. This not only compounds the confusion of the pilot
but also makes him more susceptible to motion sickness which often accompanies
disorientation.
If a disoriented pilot actually does make a recovery from a turn,
bank, or spin, he has a very strong tendency to feel that he has enter a turn, bank or
spin in the opposite direction. These false sensations may lead to the well-known
"graveyard spiral".
Every pilot should be aware of these illusions and their
consequences. Flight instructors should provide each pilot with an opportunity to
experience these sensations under controlled conditions.
Questions:[ANSWER]
- The main idea of the passage is _______ .
- Inexperienced pilots usually meet with great difficulties when _______ .
- What causes the false sensations of attitude changes? _______ .
- "Graveyard spiral" happens when a pilot feels that he _______ .
- Flight instructors should train each pilot so as to avoid _______ .
答 案
The answer
Passage 7
1.decreasing demand
2.attention
3.control
4.mistakes
5.produce radioactive waste
Passage 8
1.people of all age throughout the world
2.Because 850,000 deaths occurred
3.influenza
4.pneumonia
5.influenza
Passage 9
1.attractive forces / cohesion
2.cohesive forces
3.cohesion
4.less attraction
5.Cohesion and adhesion / Cohesive and adhesive forces
Passage 10
1.regularly
2.a few hour ... several years
3.slightly
4.light changes
5.The light changes in stars / Change in brightness in stars
Passage 11
1.come to rest / a stop
2.Galileo's experiment / work
3.roll forever
4.Agree
5.the development of the law of motion
Passage 12
